{
  "abstract": "Background Tobacco use is linked to increased cancer risk, and people who smoke represent a large proportion of newly diagnosed patients with cancer. The fact that smoking cessation at the time of diagnosis can improve the patient’s life expectancy is still not broadly understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the survival benefits obtainable by quitting smoking on diagnosis.We included articles found in MEDLINE and EMBASE until 2 January 2024. We conducted a random effects meta-analysis, studying correlates of between-studies heterogeneity and exploring the presence of publication bias.There were 36 eligible studies published in 1980–2023, totalling over 17 000 actively smoking patients with cancer. The most studied cancer sites were the lung (n=17) and head and neck (n=14). The median proportion of patients who quit on diagnosis was 42.5%. Postdiagnosis cessation was associated with longer overall survival (summary HR (sHR) 0.71, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.78), progression-free survival (sHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.98), disease-free/recurrence-free survival (sHR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.81) and improved local/locoregional control (sHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.94). Heterogeneity was generally large; for overall survival, study results were stronger when properly adjusted but did not vary across cancer sites. There was evidence for publication bias, but the results were only marginally altered on imputation of potentially missing studies.Postdiagnosis smoking cessation is effective in improving the chances of survival for patients with cancer. Cessation support programmes should be integrated into the routine management of patients with cancer as they may favourably affect survival.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Saverio Caini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Giuseppe Gorini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Marco Del Riccio"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Calogero Saieva"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Giulia Carreras"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Pierluigi Bonomo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Viola Salvestrini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy",
        "Italian Society of Tobaccology (SITAB), Rome, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Maria Sofia Cattaruzza"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Melania Assedi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Oriana D'Ecclesiis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy",
        "Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Aurora Gaeta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Scientific Directorate, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Adriana Albini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy",
        "Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Giovanna Masala"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Sara Gandini"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Upgrading your best chances: postdiagnosis smoking cessation boosts life expectancy of patients with cancer – a systematic review and meta-analysis",
  "uid": "3e7aaebf-3972-57bb-b1f0-a3c3baa24250"
}