{
  "abstract": "Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal interstitial lung disease characterised by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, leading to respiratory failure. While the exact aetiology of IPF remains unclear, growing evidence suggests that immune dysregulation plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. Recent research highlights the involvement of conventional (CD4 +, CD8+ T cells as well as B cells), and unconventional T cell subsets, including natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in fibrotic lung disease. Unconventional T cell subsets are known for their rapid response to stress signals, antigen-independent activation and involvement in tissue homeostasis and repair. Their potential to modulate fibrosis through interactions with fibroblasts, macrophages and epithelial cells positions them as key players in lung injury and repair mechanisms.Methods This review explores the current knowledge of both conventional and unconventional lymphocytes in IPF, examining their contributions to fibrosis development and their potential as therapeutic targets.Conclusions By elucidating their functions and interactions within the lung microenvironment, we provide insights into novel immunomodulatory strategies for IPF treatment.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Kelly L Short"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"
      ],
      "name": "Donal O’Malley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Gerard Hoyne"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "GRI Bio Inc, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Marc Hertz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "GRI Bio Inc, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Albert Agro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "GRI Bio Inc, La Jolla, California, USA",
        "Laboratory of Immune Regulation, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Vipin Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia",
        "Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Cecilia M Prêle"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"
      ],
      "name": "Adam J Byrne"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Breaking with convention: the role of lymphocytes in IPF",
  "uid": "406ebdb3-ffcf-5695-9eb0-065713d5b1bd"
}