{
  "abstract": "Background Compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy, the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for patients with interstitial lung disease and non-small cell lung cancer (ILD-NSCLC) are unclear.Methods Data of patients in a Japanese nationwide insurance claims database with ILD-NSCLC who received ICIs (ICI group, n=1748) and those who received only chemotherapy without ICIs (chemotherapy group, n=6362) were extracted. Landmark analyses were performed to compare overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Propensity-score matching was performed to compare 753 patients who received ICI as the first-line treatment (first-ICI group) and 753 from the chemotherapy group with matched backgrounds (matched chemotherapy group).Results The ICI group had a significantly longer median OS of 19.7 months than the chemotherapy group (9.9 months; HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.54, p<0.001). In landmark analyses at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, the ICI group had a significantly longer OS than the chemotherapy group (all p<0.001). The incidence of drug-induced ILD (DIILD) was significantly higher in the ICI group than in the chemotherapy group (p<0.001). In the ICI group, there was no significant difference in OS between patients with and without DIILD (p=0.784). A propensity score-matched analysis indicated that the first-ICI group had a significantly longer OS than the matched chemotherapy group (p<0.001).Conclusions In patients with ILD-NSCLC, ICIs were associated with significantly longer OS compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy, despite the increased risk of DIILD.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Chemotherapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Masato Karayama"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Koichi Miyashita"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Yusuke Inoue"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Hideki Yasui"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Hironao Hozumi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Yuzo Suzuki"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Kazuki Furuhashi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Tomoyuki Fujisawa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Noriyuki Enomoto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Naoki Inui"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Takafumi Suda"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Survival benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer patients with interstitial lung diseases: a nationwide population-based study",
  "uid": "ec0470f7-b5d5-5154-b502-e7c43e5a4ca8"
}