{
  "abstract": "Background About half of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have hypertension, which significantly worsens prognosis. Yet its critical environmental drivers and vulnerable phenotypes remain unclear.Objectives To evaluate associations between size-fractionated particulate matter (PM) and blood pressure, assess differential effects by hypertension status and identify susceptible individuals by smoking and inflammatory phenotypes.Methods In this prospective panel study, 82 patients with COPD (42 with hypertension) completed 281 clinical visits. Personal exposure to ambient inhalable PM (PM 10), fine PM (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles (UFPs) of 0–7 days was estimated using infiltration factors and time-activity patterns. Inflammatory phenotypes were defined by blood neutrophils and eosinophils. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to evaluate blood pressure changes associated with PM.Results UFPs and PM 2.5, rather than PM10, were significantly associated with increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), whereas diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure showed non-significant changes. The effects appeared earlier after UFP exposure (lag 03d) than PM2.5 exposure (lag 06d), with central responses exceeding brachial responses. Notably, hypertensive individuals exhibited stronger responses to UFPs and PM2.5 exposure, in whom significant elevations were observed in both SBP and DBP. Stratification by smoking status revealed no evidence of effect modification. Comparatively, individuals with an eosinophilic, instead of neutrophilic, phenotype showed heightened susceptibility to PM2.5-related and UFP-related blood pressure increases, particularly in those with hypertension.Conclusions Small-sized PM is an important risk factor for blood pressure elevations in patients with COPD, especially among those with hypertension and an eosinophilic inflammatory phenotype.Trial registration number NCT05076630.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Baiqi Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China",
        "College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Wenlou Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yahong Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Huayuan Road Community Health Service Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Chen Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China",
        "MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zhihong Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Shurun Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China"
      ],
      "name": "Lifang Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"
      ],
      "name": "Liqiong Guo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Masayuki Shima"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Yoshiko Yoda"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"
      ],
      "name": "Shaowei Wu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xinbiao Guo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China",
        "Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Furong Deng"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Short-term effects of size-fractioned particulate matter on blood pressure in patients with COPD: the key role of inflammatory phenotypes",
  "uid": "e2ca2ed0-9024-5f8b-b8bd-1b5c7b842c01"
}