{
  "abstract": "Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and narcolepsy are estimated to affect approximately 4.8% and 0.047% of the UK population, respectively. We do not know how many people have been diagnosed or how this varies over time and by demographic factors.Methods We, therefore, conducted a historical population-based descriptive study estimating prevalence and incidence of diagnosed OSA and narcolepsy in England from 2000 to 2019 stratified by demographic factors, and compared estimates to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Data were from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care records linked to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) admissions. The study population included people with ≥90 days follow-up between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2019, no prior record of primary or central sleep apnoea, and aged ≥18 years (OSA only). Diagnoses were defined using the first coded record for each condition in CPRD or HES data. Annual prevalence was estimated at mid-year and directly age/sex-standardised to the national population. Incidence was estimated by dividing new diagnoses by total person-time at risk.Results In England, 2019 adult standardised diagnosed OSA prevalence was 1.40% (95% CI 1.40% to 1.41%) representing approximately 622 528 people; standardised narcolepsy prevalence was 0.020% (95% CI 0.019% to 0.021%) representing approximately 11 307 people. Despite increases over time, diagnosed incidence and prevalence remained substantially lower than published estimates of symptomatic frequency. Rates varied by age, sex, ethnicity and UK nation for both conditions, and urban–rural living, area-based deprivation and practice size for OSA.Conclusion Our results call for high-quality research to drive initiatives that increase diagnosis rates and address variation.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Helen Strongman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Martina Sykorova"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Yi Ting Nikki Yu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK",
        "Biostatistics Department, LYSARC, Pierre-Bénite, France"
      ],
      "name": "Aurélien Belot"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Hema Mistry"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ellen Nolte"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK",
        "University College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Sofia Helena Eriksson"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Michelle A Miller"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Krishnan Bhaskaran"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Respiratory Support and Sleep Centre, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ian Edward Smith"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Charlotte Warren-Gash"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Incidence and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea and narcolepsy in the UK: a population-based descriptive study",
  "uid": "8f22aac6-292a-5bef-84a5-f0da0e42cc42"
}