{
  "abstract": "Background Pleural infection is a severe and complex disease with increasing incidence worldwide. The profile of neutrophil subsets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in pleural infection remains unclear.Aim This study aims to investigate the neutrophil repertoire and its association with clinical outcomes.Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and cell-surface protein profiling were performed on paired whole blood and pleural fluid samples collected from pleural infection patients (n=4). An independent cohort (pleural infection patients, n=13; non-infective effusion controls, n=4) was included for bulk RNA sequencing validation.Results Neutrophils underwent the strongest transcriptional and compositional change in pleural fluid in contrast to blood. The heterogeneity of the neutrophils revealed an immature subpopulation exclusively detected in the blood, an activated subpopulation mostly appeared in the pleural fluid, and a mature subpopulation present in both. Interestingly, we found a group of hypoxia related neutrophils that highly express HIF1A and the glycolysis pathway. This subpopulation was exclusively present in the pleural fluid and was related to anaerobic infection by paired metagenomics data. Bulk RNA sequencing deconvolution validated the neutrophil preferences in pleural fluid and blood. Hypoxia related genes were also highly up regulated in the pleural fluid.Conclusion This study identified neutrophil heterogeneity in pleural fluid and indicated a special hypoxia related neutrophil subpopulation in the pleural fluid.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CAMS Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Y Feng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "K Cano-Gamez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CAMS Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "E Antoun"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "A Brown"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CAMS Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "J Chu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "A Elsheikh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "B Iqbal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CAMS Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "N Manoharan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CAMS Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "T Dong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CAMS Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "N Rahman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "J Knight"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CAMS Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "N Kanellakis"
    }
  ],
  "title": "S147 An integrated unbiased multi-omic approach to understand the immune response to pleural infection in a disease context",
  "uid": "9aee28da-0c61-59b8-9098-420c04123ede"
}