{
  "abstract": "Rationale Radial artery spasm (RAS) is a common complication during transradial cerebral angiography (TRA), but currently, the optimal prevention strategy is not well established. Papaverine has anti-vasospasm, sedative and analgesic effects. However, the efficacy of papaverine in preventing RAS during TRA remains unknown.Aims To assess the efficacy of papaverine in preventing RAS during TRA.Sample size estimates 240 participants will provide 80% power at a two-tailed significance level of 0.05 to test the superiority hypothesis with the assumption that the incidence of RAS is 4% and 14.62% in the intervention and control groups, respectively, allowing for a 5% drop-out rate.Methods and design The Efficacy of Papaverine to Prevent Radial Artery Spasm During Transradial Cerebral Angiography is a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Eligible participants scheduled for TRA are 1:1 randomised to the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group will be slowly injected with 10 mL of papaverine hydrochloride solution through the successfully implanted radial artery sheath and continuously dripped papaverine hydrochloride solution through the artery sheath during the procedure, and the control group will be given normal saline in the same manner.Study outcome The primary outcome is the incidence of RAS during the procedure. The operator assessed RAS based on a questionnaire addressing the following five signs: persistent forearm pain, pain response on catheter manipulation, pain response to introducer withdrawal and difficult catheter manipulation after being ‘trapped’ by the radial artery with considerable resistance on withdrawal of the introducer. RAS was indicated by the presence of at least two of these five signs or by the presence of just one when the operator considered it necessary to administer other spasmolytic agents.Trial registration number NCT05861765.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Dong Pan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jingwen Yang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mengqi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yongteng Xu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Lianzhou People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jiyun Feng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Chenxinghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongshan, China"
      ],
      "name": "Huawen Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Puning People’s Hospital, Jieyang, China"
      ],
      "name": "Weili Luo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Baixuan He"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Songhua Xiao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xinguang Yang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China",
        "Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China",
        "Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yamei Tang"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Efficacy of Papaverine to Prevent Radial Artery Spasm During Transradial Cerebral Angiography (PASS): rationale and design",
  "uid": "970a69f2-4e2d-5ece-8182-3fd949a2c21b"
}