{
  "abstract": "Aim Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, occlusive cerebrovascular disorder with no unified management guidelines. This consensus aims to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of MMD.Methods We integrated recent findings from epidemiology, genetics and imaging studies—particularly those published since 2017—along with expert input from over 20 clinical centres. Advances in diagnostic criteria, treatment strategies and perioperative management were reviewed and incorporated to update the 2017 consensus.Results Refinements in diagnosis include high-resolution imaging and revised Suzuki staging supplemented by new collateral circulation grading. Treatment strategies emphasise individualised surgical planning, especially extracranial-intracranial bypass, and pharmacological management targeting ischaemic events, cognitive decline and collateral vessel formation. Perioperative care focuses on managing complications such as transient neurological dysfunction and stroke through haemodynamic monitoring and timely imaging.Conclusions This updated consensus underscores the value of early diagnosis using advanced imaging, personalised interventions and standardised perioperative care. This initiative aims to enhance clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life in MMD patients, offering a contemporary, evidence-based approach to managing MMD.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China",
        "National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China",
        "Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Wei Ni"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China",
        "National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China",
        "Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jiabin Su"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China",
        "National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China",
        "Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yuchao Fei"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China",
        "National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China",
        "Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yuxiang Gu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China",
        "National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China",
        "Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China",
        "Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ying Mao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Shuo Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [],
      "name": "Consensus Expert Committee Members"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Chinese expert consensus on the treatment and diagnosis of moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome (2024)",
  "uid": "b6d47331-412c-5b59-a9b3-97e627b29c5a"
}