{
  "abstract": "Background and Aims Dwarfism encompasses a variety of conditions, each presenting unique anesthetic challenges. In this case report and scoping review, we describe the anesthetic management of a 28-year-old primigravid woman with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia undergoing an elective cesarean section and conduct a scoping review exploring neuraxial anesthetic management for cesarean sections in the most common form of dwarfism, achondroplasia.Methods Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched using the keywords: Achondroplasia, skeletal dysplasia, cesarean section, anesthesia, epidural, spinal, and neuraxial. Inclusion criteria selected for studies involving patients with achondroplasia undergoing cesarean delivery with a focus on neuraxial anesthetic techniques and dosing. Studies involving general anesthesia were excluded. Extracted data was analyzed with a focus on patient demographics, neuraxial anesthetic methods, and dosing regimens to identify practices and outcomes related to neuraxial anesthesia in achondroplasia.Results Neuraxial anesthetic management for patients with achondroplasia undergoing cesarean sections included single shot spinal, intrathecal catheter, epidural catheter, and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. We highlight the most common neuraxial technique, the prevalence of each neuraxial technique, ranges of intrathecal bupivacaine and epidural lidocaine, and mean dosages of local anesthetic used. A reduced dose of local anesthetic was commonly administered for both intrathecal and epidural anesthesia to account for the patients‘ altered spinal anatomy with limited complications reported.Conclusions Neuraxial anesthesia appears to be a safe and advantageous option for cesarean section in patient with achondroplasia and other forms of dwarfism, allowing a positive patient experience while avoiding potentially difficult airway management.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Maia Shen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Qingfan Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Olivia Cheng-Boivin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Robert Joshua"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Eissa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Marc Stalder"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Wesley Rajaleelan"
    }
  ],
  "title": "EP195 Anesthetic management for cesarean section in a patient with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia: a case report and scoping review of neuraxial anesthesia in dwarfism",
  "uid": "793595d6-3ba2-5e6e-99c2-316ceaf6a392"
}