{
  "abstract": "Thoracoabdominal nerve block through the perichondrial approach (TAPA) is an abdominal wall block covering T5–T11. The original TAPA block requires local anesthetics to be first injected deep into the 10th costal cartilage (between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles), and then injected into its superficial layer (between the external and internal oblique muscles).1 2 Subsequently, the modified TAPA (M-TAPA), which only requires the first injection, is widely used for analgesia in the anterior and lateral thoracoabdominal wall.3 4",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Keisuke Yoshida"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Takayuki Hasegawa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Masaya Sekiguchi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Ko Kakinouchi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan"
      ],
      "name": "Satoki Inoue"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Advice on how to improve the visibility of ultrasound images in TAPA/M-TAPA block",
  "uid": "19fd5900-2194-5320-8f69-eaba46e81d2e"
}