{
  "abstract": "‘Query encephalitis’ is one of the most common reasons for inpatient neurology referral in the context of an acutely confused patient. Growing evidence suggests that time to treatment is a key determinant of outcome in both infectious and autoimmune encephalitis; hence, these two causes should be considered simultaneously at presentation. However, under-recognition and the existence of several mimics make a rapid diagnosis of encephalitis challenging. Appreciation of clinical syndromes can guide aetiological investigation and consequent treatment. In this article, we discuss clinical phenotypes associated with both infectious and autoimmune encephalitis, as well as a systematic approach to their investigation and up-to-date treatment strategies. We also highlight ongoing areas of research, such as metagenomics and therapeutic trials.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
        "Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK",
        "Liverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Abdusshakur Muhammad Auwal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
        "Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK",
        "Liverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Rachael Matthews"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
        "Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Callum Cook"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Liverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre, Liverpool, UK",
        "Autoimmune Psychosis Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Brendan Sargent"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
        "Liverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre, Liverpool, UK",
        "Encephalitis International, Malton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ava Easton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Liverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre, Liverpool, UK",
        "Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Stephen T J Ray"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
        "Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK",
        "Liverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Mark Alexander Ellul"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
        "Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK",
        "Liverpool Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Centre, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Benedict D Michael"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Suspected encephalitis in adults",
  "uid": "1b9b8bb5-7581-5ea0-acb3-67a57accce28"
}