{
  "abstract": "Background Predicting progression to aortic valve replacement (AVR) in moderate aortic stenosis (AS) is challenging. This study explored whether haemodynamic parameters from four-dimensional flow MRI (4D flow MRI) are associated with the potential progression to AVR.Methods 15 patients with moderate AS underwent baseline 4D flow MRI and echocardiography, with repeat echocardiography within 2 years. Patients were categorised into AVR (n=8) or no-AVR (n=7) groups based on whether they underwent AVR during follow-up.Results AVR occurred a mean of 396±156 days after baseline. The AVR group had higher follow-up peak velocity (p=0.001), mean pressure gradient (p=0.022) and smaller valve area (p=0.004). Baseline peak vortex volume was greater in the AVR group (p=0.009) and was associated with AVR with an area under the curve of 0.88 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.00). Peak vortex volume moderately correlated with baseline (r=0.69) and follow-up (r=0.63) peak velocity and baseline mean pressure gradient (r=0.59) measured by echocardiography.Conclusion Abnormal vortex formation may reflect haemodynamic alterations associated with AS progression and eventual AVR. These exploratory results should be validated in larger cohorts to define the potential role of 4D flow MRI-based vortex assessments in AS evaluation.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Sungho Park"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Eunpyeong St Mary’s Hospital, Eunpyeong-gu, Korea (the Republic of)"
      ],
      "name": "Jeong-Eun Yi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea Eunpyeong St Mary’s Hospital, Eunpyeong-gu, Korea (the Republic of)",
        "Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St Mary’s Hospital, Seocho-gu, Korea (the Republic of)"
      ],
      "name": "Su Ho Kim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea Eunpyeong St Mary’s Hospital, Eunpyeong-gu, Korea (the Republic of)"
      ],
      "name": "Bae Young Lee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Korea (the Republic of)"
      ],
      "name": "Hojin Ha"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA",
        "Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Alex J Barker"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical Device Development Center, DGMIF, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)"
      ],
      "name": "Hyungkyu Huh"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Abnormal vortex formation by 4D flow MRI as a marker for aortic valve replacement in moderate aortic stenosis: an exploratory study",
  "uid": "0c27d561-b5b4-58c6-95d7-3092c9afe1e0"
}