{
  "abstract": "Objectives We sought to evaluate whether rotating night shift work increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, particularly among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods We included 50 122 Nurses’ Health Study II participants who were parous at baseline in 1989 or at any time during follow-up through 2019. Using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated the HRs and 95% CIs for the associations between cumulative years of rotating night shift work and incident type 2 diabetes, overall, and by history of GDM.Results Compared with participants who never engaged in rotating night shift work, we observed a graded increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes with cumulative years of rotating night shift work: HR (95% CI) 1.14 (1.04 to 1.24) for <5 years, 1.32 (1.17 to 1.49) for 5–10 years and 1.32 (1.16 to 1.50) for >10 years (p-linear trend <0.001). Stratifying by history of GDM, we observed a similar pattern of associations among participants without a history of GDM, but not among those with a history of GDM (p-interaction=0.02). History of GDM was strongly associated with risk of incident type 2 diabetes in all women, including those who never worked rotating night shifts: HR (95% CI) 4.76 (3.90 to 5.81).Conclusions/interpretation Cumulative years of rotating night shift work were modestly associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, overall, and among nurses without a history of GDM. Rotating night shift work was not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes among individuals with a history of GDM, an exceptionally high-risk subgroup for type 2 diabetes.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center for Interdisciplinary and Population Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA",
        "Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Isha Agarwal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center for Interdisciplinary and Population Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Cara Frankenfeld"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
        "Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna Center for Public Health, Vienna, Austria",
        "Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Eva Schernhammer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna Center for Public Health, Vienna, Austria"
      ],
      "name": "Susanne Strohmaier"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center for Interdisciplinary and Population Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA",
        "Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Abby F Fleisch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
        "Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Janet Rich-Edwards"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",
        "Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Deirdre K Tobias"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Rotating night shift work, gestational diabetes and risk of type 2 diabetes among US nurses",
  "uid": "5c0fd63f-45d4-5203-b6f2-a0fd59c7732f"
}