{
  "abstract": "Objectives Firefighters face a range of hazards, including strenuous tasks in high-temperature environments and exposure to chemicals. These hazards may increase the risk of kidney diseases. However, limited evidence supports this hypothesis within this occupational group. Hence, this study aimed to assess the relationship between firefighting and kidney diseases.Methods A cohort comprising 10 094 male Danish firefighters was analysed, including 3455 full-time and 6639 part-time/volunteer firefighters. Diagnoses of kidney disease from 1994 to 2014 were retrieved from the Danish National Patient Registry. Morbidity among firefighters was compared with that of a sample of the male working population, and standardised incidence ratios (SIR) were used to estimate relative risks.Results The results indicated a positive association between full-time firefighting and urolithiasis (SIR 1.36; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.63). Shorter employment (<5 years) was associated with a higher risk of glomerulonephritis and chronic kidney disease, whereas longer employment (≥5 years) was linked to lower risks for most outcomes, except for urolithiasis, which remained elevated regardless of employment duration. Full-time specialised smoke divers were indicated to have a higher risk of glomerulonephritis, renal failure and chronic kidney disease. Urolithiasis risk was associated with an elevated risk in both regular and specialised full-time firefighters. Risk estimates for the assessed kidney diseases among part-time/volunteer firefighters generally reflected a lower risk.Conclusions This study provides evidence for elevated risks of certain kidney diseases in full-time firefighters, especially urolithiasis. Awareness of sufficient hydration in relation to extreme heat exposures may be particularly important among firefighters.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Julie Elbaek Pedersen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Kajsa Kirstine Ugelvig Petersen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Maria Helena Guerra Andersen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Anne Thoustrup Saber"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Ulla Vogel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Occupational Health and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Niels Ebbehøj"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Jens Peter Bonde"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Tina Kold Jensen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Regitze Sølling Wils"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark"
      ],
      "name": "Johnni Hansen"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Non-malignant kidney diseases in Danish firefighters",
  "uid": "33091d40-0c64-5efd-8c1c-f9bd8a9fe16d"
}