{
  "abstract": "Objective Sitting at work contributes to daily sedentary time. Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity increase the risk for adverse health outcomes. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the effects of working from home on sedentary behavior and physical activity.Methods The systematic review includes studies that examined the effects of working from home compared to working at the workplace on objectively measured or self-reported sedentary behavior and physical activity of employees on workdays or during working hours (Prospero: CRD42022349442). Studies identified in PubMed, Embase and SPORTDiscus until May 2024 were independently screened by two or more reviewers and assessed for risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed when more than two studies reported results for similar outcomes.Results We included 28 studies (31 publications) comprising 264,901 subjects comparing working from home to the usual workplace. We judged four studies as having a low risk of bias. Sedentary behavior was described in 18 studies and four studies were included in the meta-analysis of sitting time. During working hours, sitting time increased by 22 minutes (95% CI -1 to 45; I2 =55%) when working from home. Physical activity was described in 26 studies and the meta-analysis of four studies found a mean decrease in daily steps of -1660 (95% CI -3609 to 289; I2=87%) when working from home.Conclusion We found that sedentary time tended to increase and daily steps tended to decrease when working from home. Studies examining physical activity varied considerably regarding their outcome definitions and analyses. Few studies objectively measured sedentary time or physical activity. Also, pandemic conditions may have influenced the results of most of the studies (n=24). Nevertheless, workplace interventions aimed at reducing sedentary time and increasing movement should incorporate modifications to the home working environment.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAA)"
      ],
      "name": "Janice Hegewald"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAA)"
      ],
      "name": "Eva-Maria Backé"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAA)"
      ],
      "name": "Michaela Prigge"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAA)"
      ],
      "name": "Claudia Brendler"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAA)"
      ],
      "name": "Carina Pfab"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAA)"
      ],
      "name": "Martha Sauter"
    }
  ],
  "title": "8258671 Sit Happens: a systematic review of the impact of working from home on sedentary behavior and physical activity",
  "uid": "3482fb41-94e8-5c67-933f-a6ac8fab7ab7"
}