{
  "abstract": "Exposure mixtures are sets of exposures that co-occur in place and time. Traditionally, epidemiologists have focused work within mixtures on isolating the effects of single exposures by statistical adjustment for other elements of the mixture as confounders. Increasingly, however, mixture methodology focuses on pushing epidemiology beyond experimental paradigms that control co-exposures into a research model that embraces their variability. For example, the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences (part of the US National Institutes of Health) recently funded a set of research teams to develop statistical methodologies for mixtures aimed to improve ‘the scientific basis for regulatory frameworks that fully account for real-world exposures’.1 This paradigm shift is needed because effects of harmful exposure may be exacerbated by the presence of other exposures within a mixture, and efforts to reduce levels of a single harmful exposure can often result in reducing levels of many other exposures when that exposure occurs within a mixture. This critical change in focus in service of public health and scientific knowledge is evidenced by recent working groups framed around mixtures within the US Environmental Protection Agency (https://www.epa.gov/healthresearch/cumulative-impacts-research) and the US National Academies of Science.2",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Rockville, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Keil"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Exposure mixtures and the near future of improving our understanding of worker health",
  "uid": "fdeba60f-7def-502e-994e-bf5169b25abd"
}