{
  "abstract": "Objectives Studies on accelerometer-measured daily physical activity behaviour, especially among hybrid and remote workers, are scarce. We compared daily occupational and non-occupational physical activity and sedentary time among manual, in-office, hybrid and remote workers. In addition, physical activity behaviour during remote and office workdays among hybrid workers was compared.Methods Daily physical activity behaviour was collected with wrist-worn accelerometers on ≥4 days from 133 Finnish workers (31 years, 61% women). Participants were divided into four groups according to their work modes: manual (n=32), in-office (n=49), hybrid (n=35) and remote workers (n=17). Differences in physical activity and sedentary time during workdays (separately for occupational and non-occupational time) between the groups were examined using generalised linear models. Linear mixed models were used for intra-individual differences among hybrid workers.Results Workdays’ occupational physical activity and sedentary time differed between the work mode groups (p<0.0001); the manual workers accumulated the highest occupational physical activity, while both hybrid and remote workers accumulated the highest occupational sedentary time. No differences in non-occupational behaviours were observed. Among hybrid workers, occupational sedentary time tended to be higher (26 min, 95% CI −2 to 53) during remote versus office workdays, but non-occupational behaviours were similar.Conclusions Remote work is associated with the lowest physical activity and the highest sedentary time compared with other work modes. Strategies to promote physical activity during remote workdays may be needed.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Tuija Leskinen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Kristin Suorsa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Jesse Pasanen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Suvi Rovio"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Harri Niinikoski"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Olli Heinonen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Laura Pulkki-Råback"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Division of Medicine, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Jorma Viikari"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Division of Medicine, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Tapani Rönnemaa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Olli T Raitakari"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Research Services, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Sari Stenholm"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland",
        "Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"
      ],
      "name": "Katja Pahkala"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Does accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time differ between manual, in-office, hybrid and remote workers?",
  "uid": "fa98d332-4429-5b5b-a687-f0f609ecfe99"
}