{
  "abstract": "Introduction Thyroid artery embolization (TAE) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment option for a range of thyroid diseases, including benign nodules, multinodular goiter, Graves’ disease, and selected malignant or preoperative cases. Although multiple case reports and series have reported favorable outcomes, the overall efficacy and safety profile of TAE remains incompletely defined.Materials and Methods A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception through November 2025 for studies reporting TAE in adult patients with thyroid disease. Eligible studies included those reporting selective embolization of superior and/or inferior thyroid arteries for benign or malignant thyroid conditions. Case reports, animal studies, non-thyroid applications, conference abstracts without full text, and prospective trials were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for pooled thyroid volume change, volume reduction rate (VRR), thyroid hormone changes (FT4, TSH), and major complication rates. Continuous outcomes were pooled as mean differences, and complication rates were pooled using logit-transformed random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2.Results Fourteen studies comprising 355 patients met inclusion criteria. Indications for TAE included Graves’ disease, toxic or multinodular goiter, symptomatic benign nodules, and preoperative or palliative devascularization for thyroid malignancy. Procedural approaches were largely consistent across studies, most commonly involving selective embolization of bilateral superior thyroid arteries with preservation of at least one inferior thyroid artery when feasible. Polyvinyl alcohol particles were the most frequently used embolic agent. Five studies with paired volumetric data demonstrated a significant reduction in treated thyroid tissue volume at last available follow-up (3-6 months), with a pooled mean difference of -61.9 mL (95% CI, -95.5 to -28.4; p=0.0003; I 2=92.4%). Three studies reporting VRR showed a pooled mean reduction of 60.6% (95% CI, 37.3-83.9; I2=96.5%). Two studies with paired 1-month thyroid hormone data showed a directional but non-significant decrease in FT4 (-6.10 pmol/L, 95% CI, -30.9 to 18.7; p=0.630; I2=92.1%) and increase in TSH (0.16 mIU/L, 95% CI, -0.47 to 0.79; p=0.382; I2=0%). Major complications were rare. Across all 14 studies, only 2 major complications were reported, yielding a pooled major complication rate of 0.11% (95% CI, 0-17.7; I2=0%). Frequently reported minor adverse events included transient neck pain, fever, hematoma, and hoarseness, all of which were generally self-limited and managed conservatively.Conclusions TAE is associated with meaningful short-term thyroid volume reduction and a very low rate of major complications across a heterogeneous thyroid disease population. These findings support TAE as a promising minimally invasive or adjunctive endovascular option in selected patients, though prospective studies with standardized outcomes and longer follow-up are needed.Disclosures K. Agosto: None. M. Nasrallah: None. R. De Leacy: None.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY"
      ],
      "name": "K Agosto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY"
      ],
      "name": "M Nasrallah"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY"
      ],
      "name": "D Goldman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY"
      ],
      "name": "R De Leacy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "O-020 Clinical and procedural outcomes of thyroid artery embolization: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
  "uid": "e9946765-0373-50a4-bb13-b37d514f4511"
}