{
  "abstract": "Introduction/Purpose Post-subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced (SAH) vasospasm remains a leading cause of delayed cerebral ischemia despite current endovascular and medical management. Milrinone is an effective phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE-3) inhibitor for vasodilation, but systemic administration frequently causes clinically significant hypotension—limiting its use in an already hemodynamically vulnerable population. Localized delivery directly from a flow diversion stent (FDS) offers an opportunity to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations at the target vessel while minimizing systemic exposure. We developed a biodegradable PLGA-based milrinone-eluting FDS coating to provide dual-action therapy: hemodynamic flow diversion combined with targeted pharmacological vasospasm prevention at the aneurysm site.Materials and Methods FDS surfaces were functionalized via three steps: (1) a 1 µm hydrocarbon primer deposited by RFGD methane plasma to enhance surface affinity; (2) sequential dip-coating with PLGA-Milrinone solution at a 10:90 drug-to-polymer mass ratio (w/w); and (3) solvent annealing at 25°C for 12 h to achieve a smooth, defect-free polymer layer. Surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to confirm milrinone incorporation.Results The RFGD primer reduced surface tension-induced strut clumping, enabling uniform PLGA-Milrinone coating formation. Solvent annealing eliminated crater-like surface defects from rapid solvent evaporation, yielding a smooth, continuous coating morphology. SEM confirmed uniform coating across stent struts ( figure 1a-b). EDS elemental mapping provided direct evidence of milrinone incorporation: because PLGA inherently lacks nitrogen, a spatially distributed nitrogen signal across coated struts confirmed drug integration (figure 1c, table 1). Overlap between the nitrogen and carbon signals verified homogeneous drug distribution at the 10:90 formulation, with no localized sequestration or macro-phase separation—critical for predictable drug release kinetics.Conclusion This study demonstrates successful integration of targeted pharmacotherapy with flow diversion via a PLGA-milrinone-eluting FDS. RFGD priming, dip-coating, and solvent annealing produced a structurally stable coating with homogeneous milrinone distribution. This platform offers a promising approach to prevent post-procedural vasospasm by coupling endovascular mechanical therapy with precision pharmacotherapy at the aneurysm site. Future work will evaluate in vitro drug release kinetics and efficacy in vascular smooth muscle cell models.Disclosures M. McAvoy: None. K. Kim: None. B. Ratner: None.Abstract E-244 Figure 1",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"
      ],
      "name": "M McAvoy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Seattle, WA"
      ],
      "name": "K Wu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"
      ],
      "name": "K Kim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Seattle, WA"
      ],
      "name": "Z Abecassis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurological Surgery, Univesity of Washington, Seattle, WA"
      ],
      "name": "V Shenoy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"
      ],
      "name": "B Ratner"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Washington, Seattle, WA"
      ],
      "name": "M Levitt"
    }
  ],
  "title": "E-244 A drug-loaded flow diverting stent for localized delivery of milrinone to intracranial aneurysms",
  "uid": "03b175a4-23d5-53d1-84f8-7960739bfce1"
}