{
  "abstract": "Venous vascular malformations (VVMs) are congenital vascular anomalies that can significantly affect quality of life, causing symptoms like discomfort, swelling, and functional challenges, particularly when located in complex anatomical regions such as the tongue.1 These lesions present therapeutic difficulties due to their tendency to recur and their proximity to critical structures, which can complicate surgical approaches. As such, there has been growing interest in minimally invasive treatments. Sclerotherapy with agents like bleomycin has emerged as a promising option for managing VVMs, offering a less invasive alternative that induces localized inflammation and fibrosis with minimal damage to superficial tissues.2 3 However, the specific efficacy and safety of bleomycin for tongue-specific VVMs remain underexplored. This study, which represents the largest series of cases to date, contributes valuable insights into this area.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Consultant, Consulting Radiology of Michigan, Northville, Michigan, USA",
        "Consulting Radiology of Michigan, Northville, Michigan, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Joseph J Gemmete"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Venous vascular malformations (VVMs) of the tongue: insights into bleomycin sclerotherapy as a promising treatment",
  "uid": "28d6c463-798c-5b3e-ba1f-d7dc65800d1c"
}