{
  "abstract": "Background Current liquid embolic agents (LEAs) often suffer from unpredictable polymerization and risks of microcatheter entrapment, reflux, or non-target embolization. NVS-Gel1 is a novel photoactivated LEA designed to decouple delivery from solidification, enabling externally triggered, operator-directed control over the timing and location of embolic polymerization. This study evaluates its in vivo technical feasibility and embolic control characteristics.Methods NVS-Gel1, a novel polymer-based hydrogel with photo-initiator, was evaluated as a proof of concept in a large-animal tumor embolization model. Following selective catheter delivery under fluoroscopic guidance, solidification was initiated using 405 nm light delivered via a microcatheter-integrated optical fiber. Assessments focused on qualitative procedural and technical endpoints, including delivery behavior, fluoroscopic visibility, spatial confinement of polymerization, and the presence of reflux or non-target embolization.Results NVS-Gel1 demonstrated fluoroscopic visibility and microcatheter compatibility. Precise spatial and temporal control of polymerization was demonstrated, with solidification occurring exclusively on photoactivation. Angiography confirmed consistent distal penetration with complete occlusion of the target vasculature. No reflux or non-target embolization was observed in this limited series.Conclusion NVS-Gel1 introduces a photo-triggered, operator-controlled polymerization mechanism that enables on-demand solidification following delivery. In this preliminary in vivo study, the technique was feasible and demonstrated controlled embolic behavior under experimental conditions. Given the small sample size and absence of comparator data, further studies are required to evaluate safety, efficacy, and potential advantages over existing embolic agents. The underlying principles of externally activated embolization support the potential for future translation to neurovascular applications.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Jane Song"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Melbourne Faculty of Veterinary Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Stewart Ryan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Austin Health INR Fellowship, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Mark Schembri"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Eastern Health Clinical School, School of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Anousha Yazdabadi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Interventional Neuroradiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Julian Maingard"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Interventional Neuroradiology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Ronil V Chandra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Interventional Neuroradiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Hamed Asadi"
    }
  ],
  "title": "First in vivo proof of concept of controlled photoactivation of a novel liquid embolic agent",
  "uid": "63b4784e-0586-506d-a899-8b899da68d5a"
}