{
  "abstract": "Background Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment modality for globe salvage in patients with retinoblastoma (Rb). There is limited knowledge of the factors that influence rates of enucleation after IAC.Objective Our study identifies predictors of enucleation among Rb patients receiving IAC.Methods This was a retrospective study of Rb patients who received IAC between January 2010 and December 2024 at a single center in the United States. The primary outcome was enucleation at last follow-up.Results Of 305 patients, 26.89% (n=82) underwent enucleation and 73.11% (n=223) did not. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with increased risk for enucleation were greatest basal diameter (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.15, p=0.035), bilateral Rb (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.36 to 5.81, p=0.005), and advanced-stage disease at presentation (OR 7.45, 95% CI 1.92 to 28.9, p=0.004). The use of combination chemotherapy was associated with lower odds for enucleation compared with single-agent chemotherapy (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.80, p=0.016), whereas double-agent chemotherapy was not significantly associated with enucleation (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.75, p=0.75).Conclusions Larger tumors, bilateral disease, and advanced-stage disease were linked to higher odds of enucleation, whereas combination chemotherapy was associated with lower odds compared with single-agent chemotherapy. Future studies could help validate these results.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Joanna Roy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Victor Gabriel El-Hajj"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Taweevat Attaseth"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Annie Pan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Basel Musmar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Fady Bassem Fayek"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Wi Jin Kim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Stavropoula I Tjoumakaris"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Reid Gooch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Robert H Rosenwasser"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA",
        "Neurosurgery, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Rabab Alshahrani"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Carol L Shields"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Pascal Jabbour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Predictors of enucleation after intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma",
  "uid": "04f368d1-0519-5095-99d2-5b9936bafab1"
}