{
  "abstract": "The middle meningeal artery (MMA) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for severe, treatment-resistant headache syndromes. Growing evidence suggests that the MMA and its dural branches are active participants in nociceptive signaling within the trigeminovascular system. 1 2 This pathway, implicated in migraine and other cranial nerve V-driven headache disorders, involves activation of perivascular nociceptors, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and secondary vascular changes.3 Recent reports have demonstrated that intra-arterial lidocaine infusion into the MMA or MMA embolization can provide rapid and sometimes sustained relief in patients with chronic refractory headache, with minimal procedural risk.4–6",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Medical Imaging, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Medical Imaging, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Divison of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Rodrigo F Rodrigues"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Axon Institute for Headache and Neurological Sciences, Oakville, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Danny Monsour"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Brain Health and Wellness Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Nathan Churchill"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Duminda Wijeysundera"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Manav Vyas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Brain Health and Wellness Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
        "Faculty of Medicine (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Tom Schweizer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Axon Institute for Headache and Neurological Sciences, Oakville, Ontario, Canada",
        "Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Marissa Lagman-Bartolome"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Interventions in the middle meningeal artery for refractory headache: the need for a randomized trial",
  "uid": "4a2fdc5d-98af-5a67-8860-dda1a5f1ff2f"
}