{
  "abstract": "Background A pseudophlebitic pattern (PPP) is now widely recognized as an angiographic manifestation of chronic venous congestion in intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs).Objective To investigate the association between a PPP and chronic venous congestion in patients with intracranial DAVFs.Methods We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients evaluated over a 21-year period. Angiographic studies were assessed for the presence of PPP, which was defined as serpiginous and tortuous collateral, bridging, and cortical veins with delayed circulation time in the normal brain. Baseline characteristics and follow-up outcomes were compared between patients with DAVF with and without PPP. To reduce selection bias, the two cohorts were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity score matching.Results PPP was found in 256 patients (23.3%). In the unmatched cohort, patients with DAVF with PPP showed lower occlusion rates on angiographic follow-up (73.6% vs 92.7%, P<0.001), higher mRS scores at clinical follow-up (P<0.001), reduced proportions of excellent (79.2% vs 88.1%, P<0.001) and good outcomes (69.7% vs 81.5%, P<0.001), as well as increased all-cause mortality (10.9% vs 4.9%, P=0.001). After matching for baseline characteristics and occlusion status, no significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed between patients with DAVF with and without PPP in the entire cohort, the high-grade cohort, or the cohort limited to PPP-relevant locations.Conclusions PPP alone is not sufficient as an independent prognostic marker for DAVF. Future studies should aim to develop more comprehensive scoring systems that incorporate detailed angioarchitectural characteristics to enhance prognostic stratification.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xin Su"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Liyong Sun"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ya Gao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zihao Song"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China",
        "Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yiguang Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Hongqi Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Peng Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China",
        "Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yongjie Ma"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical outcomes of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with the pseudophlebitic pattern",
  "uid": "05ef35d8-4a7c-5ef9-8f58-524530ee01ef"
}