{
  "abstract": "Introduction Air embolism during cerebral angiography is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication that can result in severe neurological deficits or death. Prompt recognition and management are critical to improving outcomes. This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and rescue treatments for air emboli during cerebral angiography, emphasizing hyperbaric oxygen therapy, endovascular aspiration, and supportive measures.Aim of study Understanding the mechanisms, early recognition, and immediate rescue treatmentsMethod A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases up to March 2025. Search terms included ‘air embolism,’ ‘cerebral angiography,’ ‘endovascular air embolism,’ and ‘hyperbaric oxygen therapy; and also, an illustrative case of air embolism and brain stem infarct in our center.Abstract A305 Figure 1Results Air emboli occur when air enters the arterial system during catheter manipulation, contrast injection, or device exchange. Diagnosis is primarily clinical but can be supported by imaging.- Digital subtraction angiography: Air bubbles can sometimes be visualized directly.- MRI: Useful to detect ischemic changes.Rescue Treatments1. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)HBOT is the gold standard for treating arterial air embolism.2. Endovascular AspirationImmediate aspiration of the air bubble through the angiographic catheter3. Supportive Measures- 100% oxygen administration- Head-down positioning- Maintenance of adequate systemic blood pressure- Anticonvulsant therapy4. Adjunctive Endovascular TechniquesMicrocatheter-directed saline flush or local mechanical disruptionAbstract A305 Figure 2Conclusion Air embolism during cerebral angiography, though rare, necessitates a high index of suspicion and prompt management. Early diagnosis, supportive therapy, endovascular aspiration, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy can dramatically improve neurological outcomes.Conflict of Interest No",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"
      ],
      "name": "Ehsan Mohammad Hosseini"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A305 Management of air embolism during cerebral angiography: a review of rescue strategies",
  "uid": "95d0a67c-fae0-5328-854b-b31654d886e9"
}