{
  "abstract": "Objective To describe baseline characteristics of a multinational, multiethnic Latin American cohort of SLE patients with and without lupus nephritis (LN) from Latin American Group for the Study of Lupus (GLADEL) 2.0.Methods GLADEL 2.0 is an observational prevalent and incident cohort. Adult patients (≥18 years) with SLE who fulfilled the 1982/1997 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and/or the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) classification criteria from 43 centres in 10 Latin American countries were categorised into four groups: (1) without LN, (2) prevalent inactive LN, (3) prevalent active LN and (4) incident LN. Baseline demographics, clinical manifestations, treatments, disease activity and damage were recorded. A cross-sectional analysis and logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with LN and cumulative damage (SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI)).Results Among 1083 patients, 89.6% were female, median age at diagnosis was 27 years, median disease duration was 66.2 months and 65.0% were Mestizo. Patients with LN (n=653) were younger and had shorter disease duration than patients without LN. LN was negatively associated with older age at diagnosis (OR, 0.98) and discoid rash (OR, 0.53) and positively associated with male gender (OR, 1.91), Mestizo ethnicity (OR, 1.46), comorbidities (OR, 3.2), thrombocytopenia (OR, 3.44), anti–double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) positivity (OR, 3.23) and low complement (OR, 1.54). SDI ≥1 was associated with older age at diagnosis, longer disease duration, cumulative prednisone dose and cyclophosphamide use.Conclusions Male sex, Mestizo ethnicity, comorbidities, thrombocytopenia, anti-dsDNA positivity and low complement levels were associated with LN occurrence. Cumulative damage was associated with older age at diagnosis, longer disease duration, higher cumulative dose of prednisone and the use of cyclophosphamide.Trial registration number NCT04534647.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Grupo Oroño - Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Guillermo J Pons-Estel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Grupo Oroño - Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Romina E Nieto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Grupo Oroño - Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Rosana Quintana"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Grupo Oroño - Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Rosa Serrano Morales"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Eduardo F Borba"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Lucia Hernández"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Instituto de Investigaciones Teóricas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Económicasy Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Guillermina B Harvey"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Karen Roberts"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Instituto enfermedades inflamatorias e inmunomediadas - Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi - Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia"
      ],
      "name": "Diana C Fernández-Ávila"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sección Reumatología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Marina Scolnik"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Italiano de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Carmen Funes Soaje"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Servicio de Reumatología Hospital Córdoba y Sanatorio Allende, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Cintia Otaduy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Verónica Saurit"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital San Martin de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Valeria Arturi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sanatorio Británico, Rosario, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Guillermo A Berbotto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Padilla, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Luciana González Lucero"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General de Agudos Doctor José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Eduardo Kerzberg"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Dr. Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Graciela N Gómez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC) ‘‘Norberto Quirno’’, Buenos Aires, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Cecilia N Pisoni"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Señor del Milagro, Salta, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Vicente Juárez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Joaquín Martínez Serventi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centro Traumatológico Bariloche, Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Carolina Ayelen Isnardi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Luciana Parente Costa Seguro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Ana Carolina O S Montadon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Odirlei André Monticielo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Henrique A Mariz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Universitario Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Francinne Machado Ribeiro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Rheumatology Divison, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina / Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Edgard Torres dos Reis-Neto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Iris Guerra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Dr Franco Ravera Zunino, Rancagua, Chile",
        "Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile"
      ],
      "name": "Loreto Massardo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clínica de la Costa y Universidad Simón Bolivar. Universidad Simón Bolívar Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia"
      ],
      "name": "Gustavo Aroca Martínez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Clínica de la Costa y Universidad Simón Bolivar. Universidad Simón Bolívar Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia"
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Iglesias Gamarra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia"
      ],
      "name": "Carlos A Cañas"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia"
      ],
      "name": "Gerardo Quintana López"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centro de Referencia en Osteoporosis & Reumatología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia",
        "Division of Rheumatology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Carlos E Toro Gutiérrez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador"
      ],
      "name": "Mario J Moreno Álvarez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "División de Investigación en Salud, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad, México"
      ],
      "name": "Miguel A Saavedra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad, México"
      ],
      "name": "Margarita Portela Hernández"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad, México"
      ],
      "name": "Mario Pérez Cristóbal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad, México"
      ],
      "name": "Hilda Fragoso Loyo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Departamento de Inmunología, Ciudad, México"
      ],
      "name": "Yaneli Juárez-Vicuña"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centro de Estudios de Investigación Básica y Clínica, S.C., Guadalajara, México"
      ],
      "name": "Yelitza C González-Bello"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí y Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosí, México"
      ],
      "name": "Carlos Abud-Mendoza"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Internal Medicine Department and Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México"
      ],
      "name": "Jorge A Esquivel-Valerio"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Asunción, Paraguay"
      ],
      "name": "Patricia Langjahr"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Asunción, Paraguay"
      ],
      "name": "Astrid Paats"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (EsSalud), Lima, Peru"
      ],
      "name": "Claudia Mora Trujillo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Rheumatology Department, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru",
        "Grupo Peruano de Estudio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru"
      ],
      "name": "Manuel F Ugarte-Gil"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"
      ],
      "name": "Armando Calvo-Quiroz"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Docente Padre Billini, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic"
      ],
      "name": "Roberto Muñoz Louis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay"
      ],
      "name": "Martin Rebella"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Médica Uruguaya, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay"
      ],
      "name": "Álvaro Danza"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Johnson & Johnson, Brussels, Belgium"
      ],
      "name": "Urbano Sbarigia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Johnson & Johnson, Horsham, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Federico Zazzetti"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Ashley Orillion"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "José A Gómez Puerta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA",
        "Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"
      ],
      "name": "Graciela S Alarcon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Grupo Oroño - Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina"
      ],
      "name": "Bernardo A Pons-Estel"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Baseline characteristics of patients with SLE with and without lupus nephritis from the Latin American multiethnic GLADEL 2.0 cohort",
  "uid": "77008de8-6d4e-5c1a-8df1-431ba42106df"
}