{
  "abstract": "Objective This study aimed to leverage machine learning algorithms to explore the relationship between anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation and the degree of organ involvement in patients with SLE.Methods and analysis We enrolled 86 consecutive treatment-naïve patients with SLE positive for anti-dsDNA antibodies from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, between 2017 and 2019. We quantified and classified the degree of organ involvement in patients with SLE and analysed each glycoform and a combination of glycoforms of purified anti-dsDNA IgG. A random forest classifier and artificial neural network were applied to evaluate the correlation between the levels of glycoform pairs and the degree of organ involvement.Results Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a strong connection between the involved and uninvolved organs in patients with SLE. Random forest analysis showed that the combination of IgG1Gal and IgG3/4Bis had the highest accuracy (0.7692) and area under the curve (0.8187). In terms of predicting the degree of involvement using an artificial neural network, IgG3/4Bis and IgG1Gal showed the lowest mean squared error (0.0244).Conclusions Our study showed the effectiveness of combining glycoforms to classify and predict the degree of SLE organ involvement. Different glycoforms were correlated with the involvement degree to various extents, and the combination of anti-dsDNA IgG3/4Bis and IgG1Gal exhibited the best correlation with organ involvement.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zhuochao Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yuhong Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiaotong Gu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Haowen Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Panan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yue Sun"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Honglei Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiaobing Cheng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yutong Su"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Hui Shi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Qiongyi Hu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Huihui Chi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jianfen Meng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jinchao Jia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Tingting Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mengyan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Cui Lu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yunping Cai"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yijun You"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Dehao Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Shifang Ren"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jialin Teng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jingyi Wu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Chengde Yang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China"
      ],
      "name": "Junna Ye"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Glycosylation of anti-dsDNA IgG correlates with organ involvement in treatment-naïve patients with systemic lupus erythematosus",
  "uid": "4ca04242-fdaf-59c9-95fa-1c204419563e"
}