{
  "abstract": "Objectives Associations between Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) and body mass index (BMI), fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and migraine have been reported but their influence on the lived experience of RP is unknown.Design Cross-sectional electronic survey.Setting A social media-based awareness campaign organised by Scleroderma & Raynaud’s UK.Participants 4141 respondents with RP, including 3279 with primary RP (PRP), 476 with systemic sclerosis-related RP (SSc-RP) and 386 with other systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease-related RP (SARD-RP).Interventions Not applicable.Main outcome measures RP symptom characteristics (colour change patterns, pain, numbness, tingling and thumb involvement) and their associations with BMI, FMS and migraine.Results In PRP, low BMI correlated with higher prevalence of cyanosis (55.1% vs 41.2%), hyperaemia (48.2% vs 41.3%), triphasic change (30.4% vs 23.0%) and thumb involvement (36.0% vs 27.0%) compared with high BMI. In PRP, concomitant FMS was associated with higher prevalence of pain (77.7% vs 57.4%), cyanosis (53.8% vs 45.4%), tingling (72.6% vs 62.8%) and thumb involvement (46.2% vs 27.2%) compared with those without FMS. Higher prevalence of pain was reported by FMS respondents with SSc-RP (82.8% vs 69.9%) and SARD-RP (84.1% and 70.9%, respectively). In PRP, migraine was associated with higher prevalence of cyanosis (50.0% vs 44.9%), hyperaemia (50.3% vs 43.7%), pain (69.0% vs 56.2%) and thumb involvement (33.4% vs 27.1%). Migraine was associated with higher prevalence of hyperaemia and pain in SARD-RP.Conclusion BMI, FMS and migraine influence the lived experience of RP, particularly in PRP. FMS is associated with a greater pain burden, whereas low BMI and migraine are associated with prominent vasospastic features. These aetiopathogenic drivers influence RP symptomatology, with implications for management.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Reshma Seomore"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK",
        "Department of Clinical Specialties & Related Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Matthew Wells"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Scleroderma and Raynaud’s UK, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ula Tymoszuk"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Scleroderma and Raynaud’s UK, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Mithi Ahmed-Richards"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Christopher P Denton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Francesco Del Galdo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Scleroderma and Raynaud’s UK, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Sue Farrington"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Manchester, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ariane L. Herrick"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Manchester, UK",
        "Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Care Organisation, Salford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Michael Hughes"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Scleroderma and Raynaud’s UK, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Nick Jeffries-Owen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Rheumatology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK",
        "Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"
      ],
      "name": "John D Pauling"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Influence of comorbidities and patient demographics on Raynaud’s symptom characteristics: implications for diagnosis and management",
  "uid": "96aee2f5-148c-55dc-97ad-44eaa60ef3a2"
}