{
  "abstract": "Recent revisions of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) definitions by two leading research groups—the Alzheimer’s Association and the International Working Group—reflect divergent approaches: the former promotes a strictly biological definition, while the latter promotes a clinicalbiological construct. We contend that this emerging controversy is not merely semantic, but scientifically, clinically, and politically significant. Drawing on philosophical tools and situating the current debate within a broader historical context from the reconceptualization of AD in the 1970s onwards, we explore how definitions can serve as transformative instruments, acting as strategic bets that reshape scientific fields and clinical practices. Ultimately, we draw from the AD case study to argue for a critical reflection on the risks and promises of such definitional acts. We also propose a renewed attention to the 'ethics of stipulating' in the field of contemporary biomedical sciences.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CESP, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France",
        "Centre Alexandre Koyré, Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques, Aubervilliers, Île-de-France, France"
      ],
      "name": "Robin Michalon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France",
        "Centre Mémoire Ressources Recherches, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"
      ],
      "name": "Vincent Planche"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Immuno ConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France"
      ],
      "name": "Maël Lemoine"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of History and Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, History and Philosophy of Medicine Group, Bielefeld, Germany",
        "Institute for Studies of Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"
      ],
      "name": "Lara Keuck"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau—ICM, Paris, France",
        "Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Nicolas Villain"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Defining Alzheimer’s disease: stipulations and the ethics of diagnostic change",
  "uid": "e9ec9a5d-b308-50f5-b36d-72697fa6d6a3"
}