{
  "abstract": "Background Few studies have investigated patient-reported non-motor outcomes after stroke in young adults. We aimed to assess their prevalence and patterns in this population to identify unmet needs.Methods This prospective cohort study included consecutive patients (aged <55) admitted to University College London (UCL) Hospitals Hyperacute Stroke Unit with ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) between 2017 and 2020. At 6 months, we collected data on eight non-motor domains (anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain interference, reduced social participation, bowel and bladder dysfunction). We assessed outcome co-occurrence, compared prevalence by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (favourable: 0–1 versus unfavourable: 2–5), and performed multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of each adverse outcome and high non-motor outcome burden (≥3 adverse outcomes).Results We included 493/527 (94%) eligible patients (median age 48, IQR 41–52; 33% female; 82% ischaemic stroke). Fatigue (55%) reduced social participation (47%) and sleep disturbance (46%) were most common. Prevalence rates did not differ significantly by mRS score. 91% reported ≥1 adverse outcome; 27% reported ≥4. Anxiety was predicted by ICH (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.33; p=0.019) and higher education levels (per decile increase in education deprivation, OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.22; p=0.012). Pain interference was predicted by admission stroke severity (per National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 10-point increase, OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.25; p=0.025).Conclusions Adverse non-motor outcomes are common in young adults 6 months post-stroke, even in those with an mRS score of 0–1 (indicating a favourable functional recovery). Furthermore, non-motor outcomes rarely occur in isolation, highlighting the need for early and comprehensive screening, recognition and management.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Translational Neuroscience and Stroke, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Raafiah Mussa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Gareth Ambler"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Translational Neuroscience and Stroke, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK",
        "Comprehensive Stroke Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Hatice Ozkan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "John Mitchell"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "MRC Prion Unit, University College London, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Gargi Banerjee"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Translational Neuroscience and Stroke, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK",
        "Comprehensive Stroke Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Alexander P Leff"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Siobhan McLernon"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Translational Neuroscience and Stroke, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK",
        "Comprehensive Stroke Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Richard J Perry"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Translational Neuroscience and Stroke, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK",
        "Comprehensive Stroke Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Robert Simister"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Translational Neuroscience and Stroke, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK",
        "Comprehensive Stroke Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Arvind Chandratheva"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Translational Neuroscience and Stroke, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK",
        "Comprehensive Stroke Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK"
      ],
      "name": "David J Werring"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Patient-reported outcomes after stroke in young adults: University College London (UCL) Young Stroke Systematic Evaluation Study (ULYSSES)",
  "uid": "1e4b76a7-5c74-5aeb-a16f-fd8a6d99c8be"
}