{
  "abstract": "Introduction Exposure to extreme environments is becoming increasingly accessible, especially given the expansion of commercial space travel. The effects on the neurological system in extreme environments such as spaceflight, deep-sea diving, high altitudes and jet pilot flying has potential to lead to new nervous system disorders that the practicing neurologist must become familiar with.Methods We conducted a scoping review through Medline of the effects of extreme environments on the nervous system, focusing on space travel, high altitude and diving, commenting on common mechanisms.Results In all extreme environments, the changes in pressure forces that the nervous system is subjected to results in neurological challanges. A microgravity environment during spaceflight leads to space motion sickness (SMS), and to the visual changes of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome. SMS has several competing theories, implicating sensory conflict and fluid shifts. The neurological complications of mountain climbing include acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral oedema, largely associated with rapid ascents. The major complications of deep-sea diving are related to pressure effects during descent (leading to barotrauma) and ascent (decompression sickness).Conclusion There are multiple reversible and irreversible effects of extreme environments on the nervous system, with unique mechanisms and adaptive processes involved, particularly during spaceflight.rytakamarova@gmail.com",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience"
      ],
      "name": "Kamarova Marharyta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience",
        "Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals"
      ],
      "name": "Gupta Udit"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience",
        "Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals"
      ],
      "name": "Majid Arshad"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience",
        "Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals"
      ],
      "name": "Bell Simon M"
    }
  ],
  "title": "96 Extreme neurology: the highs and the lows!",
  "uid": "a63290d1-5d7d-59c8-a307-38c892cc5049"
}