{
  "abstract": "Background Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) have emerged as important biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD). However, their interest in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) remains unclear. Our aim was to characterise sNfL and sGFAP profile and analyse their usefulness in predicting relapses and disability in MOGAD.Methods Retrospective study of adult MOGAD patients with serum samples collected at baseline (≤3 months from disease onset) and follow-up (>6 months from baseline sample). sNfL and sGFAP were analysed using Simoa HD-1, and values were compared across time-points. The association between biomarkers and clinical variables and their predictive value for disability and relapses were analysed.Results Eighty-nine MOGAD patients were included. Baseline sNfL and sGFAP values were high at baseline and decreased over time (p<0.001, p=0.027, respectively). sNfL and sGFAP values were associated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at attacks (β 0.15 (0.06; 0.25), p=0.002; β 0.14 (0.07; 0.21), p<0.001, respectively) and were lower in optic neuritis presentations (β −0.69 (−1.18; −0.19), p=0.007; β −0.42 (−0.76; −0.08), p=0.016). Biomarker deltas[Δ] (baseline values – second samples values) were associated with ΔEDSS (initial EDSS - final EDSS) (ΔsNfL β 0.52 (0.01; 1.04), p=0.046; ΔsGFAP β 1.07 (0.38; 1.75), p=0.003). Finally, sNfL values independently predicted the risk of relapses (HR 2.06 (1.41; 3.01), p<0.001).Conclusions Our results on sNfL and sGFAP suggest initial neuro-axonal and astrocytic damage in MOGAD and the utility of these biomarkers at onset and follow-up in predicting clinical recovery and relapses.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation-Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron Cedex, France"
      ],
      "name": "Romain Marignier"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Department, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain",
        "Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Javier Villacieros-Álvarez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Department, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain",
        "Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Carmen Espejo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Department, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain",
        "Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Georgin Arrambide"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Department, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain",
        "Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Nicolás Fissolo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Department, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain",
        "Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Lucía Gutiérrez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Alessandro Dinoto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Patricia Mulero"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Synaptia Madrid Neurosciences, Vithas La Milagrosa, Aravaca & Arturo Soria University Hospitals, Madrid, Spain",
        "Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Laura Rubio-Flores"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Pablo Nieto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unidad de Neuroinmunología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Carmen Alcalá"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Multiple Sclerosis CSUR, Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department, “Virgen de la Arrixaca” Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, and NICEM Cathedra. UCAM-San Antonio Catholic University, Murcia, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Jose E Meca-Lallana"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Multiple Sclerosis CSUR, Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department, “Virgen de la Arrixaca” Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, and NICEM Cathedra. UCAM-San Antonio Catholic University, Murcia, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Pedro Martínez-Garcia"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Multiple Sclerosis CSUR, Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department, “Virgen de la Arrixaca” Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, and NICEM Cathedra. UCAM-San Antonio Catholic University, Murcia, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Jorge Millán"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"
      ],
      "name": "Raphaël Bernard-Valnet"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Inés González"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Aida Orvíz García"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Raquel Tellez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurología, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Laura Navarro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "MS-Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurosciences Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Silvia Presas-Rodríguez"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Neurology and Neurogenetics Group. Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Lucía Romero-Pinel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Neurology and Neurogenetics Group. Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL). Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Sergio Martínez-Yélamos"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Juan Pablo Cuello"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Ana Maria Alonso Torres"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Raquel Piñar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Unitat de Neuroimmunologia i Esclerosi Múltiple Territorial Girona (UNIEMTG), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta | Hospital Santa Caterina, Girona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Gary Álvarez Bravo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation-Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron Cedex, France"
      ],
      "name": "Lakhdar Benyahya"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France"
      ],
      "name": "Sophie Trouillet-Assant"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France"
      ],
      "name": "Virginie Dyon-Tafani"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Neuro-Ophtalmologie-Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron Cedex, France"
      ],
      "name": "Caroline Froment Tilikete"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"
      ],
      "name": "Aurelie Ruet"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "CHU-Hôpitaux de Rouen, France"
      ],
      "name": "Bertrand Bourre"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Romain Deschamps"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Caroline Papeix"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Paris, France"
      ],
      "name": "Elisabeth Maillart"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-Ville, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"
      ],
      "name": "Philippe Kerschen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France"
      ],
      "name": "Xavier Ayrignac"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Section of Neuroradiology. Department of Radiology (IDI), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Alex Rovira"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Section of Neuroradiology. Department of Radiology (IDI), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Cristina Auger"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France"
      ],
      "name": "Bertrand Audoin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Department, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain",
        "Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Xavier Montalban"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Department, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain",
        "Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Mar Tintore"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Sara Mariotto"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Neurology Department, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain",
        "Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"
      ],
      "name": "Alvaro Cobo-Calvo"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Assessment of neuronal and glial serum biomarkers in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: the MULTIMOGAD study",
  "uid": "72d6bf4b-1245-5ce1-a6b7-c255b17ab064"
}