{
  "abstract": "Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has emerged as a key player in migraine pathophysiology. It led to the development of specific antimigraine therapies (anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (anti-CGRP mAbs)), but challenges remain in its use as a biomarker. Evidence showed elevated plasma CGRP levels in migraine patients compared with controls and in the ictal phase compared with the interictal phase, and that plasma CGRP levels could help predict the response to anti-CGRP mAbs.1 However, CGRP in plasma is difficult to evaluate due to its low concentrations and short half-life. Therefore, alternative routes for analysing CGRP concentrations, mainly tears and saliva, are obtaining increasing interest, particularly reflecting the proximity within the trigeminal nerve branches.2 To date, no studies have analysed CGRP levels in tear fluid using the Schirmer test for tear collection, which is a completely non-invasive method. Because trigeminal fibres densely innervate the eye,3 this study aimed to compare CGRP in tear fluid of migraine patients and healthy controls (HCs) and to evaluate if anti-CGRP mAbs can modulate the CGRP concentrations in migraine patients.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy",
        "Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Marina Romozzi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy",
        "Immunology Core Facility (GSTeP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Lucia Di Nardo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Ophthalmology, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Vincenzo Trigila"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Giovanni Cuffaro"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Gustavo Savino"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Digital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology, Clinical Metabolic Toxicology-Headache Center and Drug Abuse, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy",
        "Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Luigi Francesco Iannone"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Stanislao Rizzo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy",
        "Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Catello Vollono"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy",
        "Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Paolo Calabresi"
    }
  ],
  "title": "CGRP increase in tear fluid of migraine patients is reversed by anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies",
  "uid": "623189f4-36a1-5a4c-82fd-671d7483d2b4"
}