{
  "abstract": "Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (chemo-IO) has fundamentally reshaped the treatment paradigm for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), challenging long-held surgical boundaries and redefining what constitutes “resectable” disease. Trials such as CheckMate-816, KEYNOTE-671, and AEGEAN have demonstrated that integrating immune checkpoint blockade with chemotherapy yields unprecedented rates of pathological response and event-free survival, positioning chemo-IO as the new global standard for stage IB–IIIA NSCLC. Yet these advances bring new complexities; how do we define resectability in an era of immunotherapeutic downstaging, and how should multidisciplinary teams adapt to evolving biology? Traditional radiological and anatomic criteria now sit alongside immune-mediated regression and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) kinetics as measures of treatment success. ctDNA clearance and pathological response serve as powerful surrogates for long-term survival, with ongoing studies such as MERMAID-1/2 exploring their potential to guide adjuvant therapy and spare overtreatment. The modern challenge lies in integrating these biomarkers into surgical decision-making and developing standardized, biology-informed resectability frameworks. Future progress will depend on close collaboration between surgeons, oncologists, and translational scientists to expand surgical candidacy safely and define the next generation of curative strategies in lung cancer.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK",
        "Thoracic Surgery, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Akshay Patel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Elliot Wakeam"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Radiation Oncology, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Eleni Josephides"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Thoracic Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece"
      ],
      "name": "Savvas Lampridis"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Medical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Eleni Karapanagiotou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Gary Middleton"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Babu Naidu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Marc De Perrot"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Thoracic Surgery, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Bille"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: evolving resectability criteria, biomarker-driven postoperative management, and emerging therapeutic strategies",
  "uid": "b7fb0243-36b1-5868-9eae-d8aea13c537c"
}