{
  "abstract": "Background Tumor neoantigen vaccines typically require multiple prime-boost immunizations over several weeks or even months to elicit sufficient neoantigen-specific T-cell responses, which greatly limits their effectiveness against rapidly progressing cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Here, we developed a functionalized alginate scaffold for T-cell activation as an artificial lymph node (FAST-LN) to rapidly and efficiently generate tumor neoantigen-specific T cells in vivo. The FAST-LN consists of an alginate scaffold crosslinked with calcium ions and hyaluronic acids conjugated with anti-TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3) antibodies, then incorporates tumor neoantigen-encoding adenoviral vaccines, dendritic cells (DCs), and various cytokines (C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)) that maintain DC maturation and recruit T cells for antigen presentation.Results This design facilitates efficient DC-T cell interactions within FAST-LN, enabling rapid generation of neoantigen-specific T cells for antitumor responses. In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy of FAST-LN over traditional vaccines in mouse tumor models. Mechanistically, FAST-LN significantly enhanced tumor infiltration of CD8 + T cells, Th1 cells and macrophages, orchestrating robust antitumor responses.Conclusions Our results demonstrate that implantable FAST-LN rapidly induces tumor neoantigen-specific T cells in vivo, offering a promising strategy for neoantigen-based cancer immunotherapy.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zhixiong Cai"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Kongying Lin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiuqing Dong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zhenli Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Geng Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Luobin Guo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Pan Mou"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Peizhe Chen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Junjing Huang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ling Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiaolong Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ruijing Tang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China",
        "The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yongyi Zeng"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Implantable artificial lymph node enables rapid in vivo neoantigen-specific T-cell generation and expansion for improving antitumor immunity",
  "uid": "84558814-5814-5ed0-9938-86c263d8ce07"
}