{
  "abstract": "Background Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Multimodal conventional therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have shown limited results in glioma patients. Over the last decade, we have witnessed huge progress in cancer treatment using immunotherapy. The latter, is an extremely promising approach used to restore the antitumor immune response. However, most of glioma patients did not respond to the blockade of classical immune checkpoint pathways (CTLA-4 and PD1/PD-L1). This has heightened our interest in finding novel immune checkpoints whose targeting could be beneficial for glioma patients. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the expression and significance of CD96, a recently identified immune checkpoint regulator, in human gliomasMethods For this, we extracted RNA-seq data of 699 glioma samples from the TCGA dataset and validated these findings using the CGGA dataset comprising 325 glioma samplesResults Our study revealed that CD96 was overexpressed in glioma patients and was significantly associated with high grade, IDH-wildtype, aggressive molecular and histological subtypes, lower levels of anti-tumor cytokines as well as poor survival. On the other hand, our findings disclosed more profuse infiltration of protumoral cells such as M0 and M2 macrophages, Tregs, endothelial and exhausted CD8+ T cells within CD96high tumors. Finally, on tumor infiltrating immune cells, CD96 was found to correlate positively with several critical immune checkpoints.Conclusions In summary, our data revealed a correlation between high levels of CD96 expression and poor prognosis in glioma patients, and pinpoints CD96 as a possible new therapeutic target, particularly in advanced glioma stages.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Hassn II University, Casablanca Morocco, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat, Morocco"
      ],
      "name": "Zakia Harmak"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco"
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Kandoussi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco"
      ],
      "name": "Oumayma Naji"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco"
      ],
      "name": "Kenza Miyara"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Neurosurgery, UHC Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco 3Laboratory of Research on Neurologic, Neurosensorial Diseases and Handicap, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco"
      ],
      "name": "Abdelhakim Lakhdar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Immunopathology-Immunomonitoring-Immunotherapy laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed IV University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco. Mohammed VI International University Hospital, Bouskoura, Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco"
      ],
      "name": "Ghazi Bouchra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco"
      ],
      "name": "Abdallah Badou"
    }
  ],
  "title": "187 CD96: a new predictor of poor prognosis in advanced human gliomas",
  "uid": "5f2cecb9-188d-52ca-b04b-709e2bb7da66"
}