{
  "abstract": "Background The inpatient use of immunotherapies has expanded in recent years. However, national-level trends in hospitalization outcomes and costs remain underexplored. This study evaluates trends in inpatient immunotherapy use, outcomes, and resource utilization using a large, nationally representative database.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult inpatient admissions from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2016 and 2022. Patients receiving inpatient anti-neoplastic immunotherapy were identified using ICD-10 codes. Survey weights were applied to generate national estimates. We examined annual trends in immunotherapy utilization, in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and inflation-adjusted hospital charges. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with in-hospital mortality, and linear regression analyzed LOS and hospital charges, adjusting for age, sex, race, primary payer, hospital characteristics, and comorbidities using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.Results A total of 40,465 inpatient admissions involved immunotherapy from 2016 to 2022, rising from 4,305 in 2016 to 7,534 in 2022 ( figure 1). The in-hospital mortality rate increased from 0.2% in 2016 to 1.1% in 2022 (overall 0.9%). Mean LOS rose from 5.6 days in 2016 to 8.1 days in 2022 (overall mean 7.0 days) (figure 1). On adjusted analysis, immunotherapy was associated with a significant increase in LOS (coefficient 1.38, p < 0.001), with the strongest effects observed in 2019–2022 (e.g., 2022 coefficient 2.4, p < 0.001). Mean hospital charges increased from $127,122 in 2016 to $540,048 in 2022. After adjusting for inflation, charges rose from $150,856 (2016) to $540,048 (2022). The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index remained stable, ranging from 3.4 to 3.8.Conclusions Inpatient use of immunotherapy has grown substantially over the past seven years, accompanied by rising mortality rates, longer hospitalizations, and escalating costs—even after adjusting for inflation and comorbidities. These findings underscore the need for careful inpatient resource planning and patient selection as immunotherapy continues to expand across oncologic indications.Abstract 1211 Figure 1",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Abdulmalek Aljafari"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Roshni Soni"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Hatim Saria"
    }
  ],
  "title": "1211 National trends in inpatient immunotherapy utilization and outcomes in the United States, 2016–2022",
  "uid": "547b53f3-54b1-5756-9c7d-c65971c36f11"
}