{
  "abstract": "The incidence of cancer globally is increasing, predominantly because of an aging population and bringing with it substantial challenges. Cancer vaccines are based on the premise that there are unique features of a cancer or agents causing a cancer which are recognizable by the immune system. Cancer vaccines can be classified as preventive and therapeutic. We searched Trialtrove and identified 2100 clinical trials of cancer vaccine published January 1, 2000 to November 1, 2024, numbers of trials have been explosive growth since 2008: 37% were phase-1, 21%, phase-1/phase-2, 32%, phase-2, 2%, phase-2/phase-3, 5%, phase-3 and 1%, phase-4. Most studies are in the USA (45%). 1% were in infants, 5% in children, and 94% on adults. The most common cancer studied is non-small-cell lung cancer (N=298; 12%) followed by melanoma (N=277; 11%). In conclusion, the research of cancer vaccines is rapidly advancing, particularly in therapeutic cancer vaccines. An increasing number of multicenter clinical trials of cancer vaccines are being initiated globally, and these efforts hold significant promise for bringing hope to patients with cancer.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer，Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China",
        "Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Fang Hu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer，Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China",
        "Department of ICU, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Huan Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer，Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China",
        "Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Weiran Lv"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Mengjing Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer，Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China",
        "Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Robert Peter Gale"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer，Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China",
        "Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xiaojun Huang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer，Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China",
        "Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yang Liang"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Mapping the cancer vaccine landscape",
  "uid": "52ea0701-cfcc-57c1-b3f0-a15e0003e579"
}