{
  "abstract": "Background During preconception counselling, pregnant women who smoke are advised to quit smoking. While the adverse effects of paternal smoking on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes have been increasingly recognised, the health benefits of paternal smoking cessation prior to conception remain understudied.Methods The current study involved non-smoking reproductive-aged Chinese women who participated two times in the National Free Prepregnancy Checkups Project during 2010–2018. A total of 158 986 pregnancies were included, with husbands reporting smoking at the preconception examination stage during their first participation. The primary exposure was paternal smoking cessation before pregnancy. And the primary outcome was spontaneous abortion (SAB) recorded in the second participation. Inverse-probability-weighted (IPW) logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and their 95% CIs of SAB with paternal smoking cessation before pregnancy. Instrumental variable (IV) analyses were further used to estimate the association.Results Compared with continued paternal smoking, paternal smoking cessation before pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SAB (IPW-adjusted OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.91); IV-estimated OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.82)). Additionally, a decrease in paternal smoking was also associated with a lower risk of SAB. Notably, the risk of SAB was still higher than that of those without paternal smoking in IV analysis (OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.32)).Conclusions Paternal smoking cessation prior to conception is linked to a reduced risk of SAB. However, the risk of SAB among women with paternal smoking cessation was still higher than that among those without paternal smoking. Preconception counselling should advise fathers who smoke to quit.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ziyi Cheng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ying Yang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Sijing Ding"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zheheng Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Meiya Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Youhong Liu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Die Xu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Qianru Wu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yuyan Wu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Chuanyu Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jiaxin Li"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xinyi Lyu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Jihong Xu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yuan He"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yuanyuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Zuoqi Peng"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Ya Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Hongguang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Qiaomei Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Yiping Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Haiping Shen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Donghai Yan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"
      ],
      "name": "Long Wang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China",
        "National Human Genetic Resources Centre, Beijing, China"
      ],
      "name": "Xu Ma"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Paternal smoking cessation before pregnancy reduces the risk of spontaneous abortion: a population-based retrospective cohort study",
  "uid": "4e1c961e-7cc2-5cfb-977f-a5a052382de2"
}