{
  "abstract": "Background Personalized nutrition (PN) may benefit cardiometabolic health, but current evidence is limited and inconsistent. A prior review reported improvements with PN but lacked criteria for defining individual-level features, reducing interpretability. Establishing minimum requirements helps distinguish PN from general advice and enables consistent evaluation. This review examined PN effects on anthropometric, glycemic, and lipid outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity.Methods Due to the lack of consensus on required individual-level features, eligible RCTs were defined as those incorporating at least one biological component—such as a genetic marker, metabolic biomarker, or gut microbiome profile—to inform personalized dietary advice. This ensured biological personalization beyond standard lifestyle-based advice. We systematically searched five databases for RCTs published up to September 2025Results Fifteen RCTs (n = 2,351) met the inclusion criteria, each comparing PN with standard, non-personalized dietary interventions. PN implementation varied substantially in the individual-level features assessed, algorithms applied, and personalization strategies used. No significant differences were observed between PN and controls in energy intake or macronutrient composition. Nearly half of the trials (46.7%) employed specific dietary patterns as controls or withheld nutritional counseling. Pooled analyses showed significantly greater reductions in body weight (mean difference [MD]: –1.27 kg; 95% CI: –2.38 to –0.16) and body fat (MD: –0.44%; 95% CI: –0.76 to –0.12) in the PN group compared with controls, but no effects on BMI, waist circumference, lipid profile, or glycemic markers. The certainty of evidence was rated ‘moderate’ for body weight and body fat, and ‘low’ for BMI and waist circumference.Conclusion PN interventions modestly improve weight and body fat in adults. Importantly, the absence of a standardized PN framework hampers evaluation and comparison of the effectiveness of individual-level features and nutritional personalization strategies. Future research should aim to establish standardized PN definitions, harmonized inputs, and transparent reporting.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Vietnam"
      ],
      "name": "Duc Tran Quang"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Vietnam"
      ],
      "name": "Khanh Nguyen Di"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Da Nang, Vietnam"
      ],
      "name": "Chi Vu Thi Quynh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Ha Noi, Vietnam"
      ],
      "name": "Huyen Nguyen Thi Hoa"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Internal Gastroenterology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Ha Noi, Vietnam"
      ],
      "name": "Khanh Nguyen Van"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Fundamental Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Thanh Hoa campus, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam"
      ],
      "name": "Trang Trinh Thi"
    }
  ],
  "title": "P09-7 Modest effects of personalized nutrition on cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese adults: a call for standardized definitions, harmonized inputs, and transparent reporting",
  "uid": "c84e4a66-fc55-547d-bfa3-3421522ae655"
}