{
  "abstract": "Background The term ‘modifiable’ is commonly used when referring to risk of disease, but it has no universally accepted definition. This conceptual ambiguity has implications for the consistency of research findings, the design of interventions, and public health policy. We previously argued for the need for ‘an agreed definition, transparent criteria to define what can be considered as modifiable determinants of health’. We then conducted a Delphi study to reach consensus among interdisciplinary experts on the definition of ‘modifiable’ health determinants.Methods The Delphi statements were based on initial criteria conceptualised by the research team. 103 experts from public health, social sciences, health sciences, cancer sciences, clinical medicine, global health, epidemiology, biostatistics, primary care, demography and genomics were invited to participate. In round one, participants rated 10 statements, with a consensus threshold set at 70%. Based on these results, the statements were revised and redistributed in round two, where participants additionally ranked statements by importance.Results 33 experts completed round one, with 4 of 10 statements achieving consensus. In round two, 30 of 33 (91%) participants responded, and 1 of 3 additional statements reached consensus. Experts identified two statements as the most important for defining a modifiable health determinant: ‘ A modifiable health determinant must be potentially changeable through direct and/or indirect interventions at the individual or population levels’ and ‘For a health determinant to be considered modifiable, it must be possible to quantify or describe in some way any potential change in it’. We therefore propose the following definition: ‘A modifiable health determinant must be potentially changeable through direct and/or indirect interventions at the individual or population levels, and it must be possible to quantify or describe this change in some way.’ Conclusion This study provides a consensus-based definition of modifiable health determinants, offering a foundation for greater clarity and consistency in research, intervention design, and policy development.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK",
        "NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Wessex, Southampton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Sebastian Stannard"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Kim Alipio"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ann Berrington"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NHS Grampian Health Board, NHS, Aberdeen, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Shantini Paranjothy"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Rebecca Hoyle"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Rhiannon Owen"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK",
        "NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Wessex, Southampton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Simon Fraser"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Emilia Holland"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK",
        "NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Wessex, Southampton, UK",
        "University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, Southampton, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Nisreen Alwan"
    }
  ],
  "title": "P15-2 Defining modifiable determinants of health: a delphi study",
  "uid": "8a0ba244-d909-5980-98c1-6bd37e815e8f"
}