{
  "abstract": "Background Recent evidence suggests an increasing backlash towards government-led public health interventions in the areas of vaccination, climate change, sexual and reproductive healthcare, and non-pharmaceutical-based infection control measures. One driver of resistance seems to be the rise in populist politics and attitudes occurring in many countries over the last two decades. To better understand people’s views and perspectives on the relationship between these two phenomena, we present qualitative evidence from a systematic review of research conducted in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries which examines how populist attitudes may affect the receipt and impact of public health interventions.Methods Searches were completed in thirteen databases in February 2024. The search strategy was developed around three key concepts: ‘populist attitude’, ‘public health intervention’ and ‘intervention receipt’. Included studies focused on at least one existing public health intervention. Titles/abstracts and full-texts were screened in duplicate in EPPI-Reviewer 6. Study quality was assessed using the EPPI-Centre’s tool for qualitative studies and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE CERQual framework. Data analysis occurred in three stages in line with guidance for thematic synthesis: line-by-line inductive coding by two reviewers; categorising and hierarchically organising codes into groups of descriptive themes; and using descriptive themes towards the development of a broader understanding of the analytical themes emerging across the studies that could be applied to a conceptual framework related to our research question.Results We thematically synthesised 52 qualitative papers to underpin the construction of our conceptual framework that outlined the influence of populist views on the receipt of various public health interventions. Specifically, this framework outlines (i) how existing populist views can find a new mode of expression in and/or be amplified by public health interventions and emergencies; (ii) the processes through which populist views may influence others’ attitudes towards the receipt of public health interventions; and (iii) how populist-informed non-adherence to public health interventions affects social unity.Conclusion Our findings suggest the need for public health communications to be more effective in combating misinformation, and for key messengers to be more nuanced and transparent in their approaches to engaging the public, including by recognising and responding directly to people’s concerns. There is also evidence of the need to involve and engage with diverse members of the population in developing public health messaging, and for politicians to lead by example, adhering to the standards they expect of others.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Kaitlin Conway-Moore"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences, University College London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Alison R McKinlay"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Jack M Birch"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Fiona Graham"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Emily J Oliver"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Clare Bambra"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Michael P Kelly"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Chris Bonell"
    }
  ],
  "title": "OP08 How populist views are reflected in people’s accounts of the receipt of public health interventions: a systematic review of qualitative studies",
  "uid": "ffb41a88-f21d-5855-9b2c-f74efdfc7c34"
}