{
  "abstract": "Setting Data suggest that a nutritional transition is underway in Brazil, characterized by increasing obesity and changes in eating habits. However, Brazil has a vast territory and is one of the most unequal countries in the world (with Northern regions poorer), which directly impacts the dynamics of the nutritional transition. Our aim is to identify changes in the nutrition transition stages (2008–18) in adults in Brazil and its regions, differentiating changes due to socioeconomic/demographic characteristics (SEDC) shifts from unobserved factors.Methods We used data from the two most recent Household Budget Surveys, from 2008–2009 (n=26,383) and 2017–2018 (n=37,689), which are representative samples for Brazil and its regions. From 2008 to 2009, food consumption was measured through two food records and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured. In 2017–18, food consumption was measured through two 24-hour dietary recalls, and weight and height were self-reported. Dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis, and we used Oaxaca-blinder decomposition models to explore the contribution of changes in dietary patterns due to shifts in observed SEDC and unobserved factors.Results In the North, there was an increase in adherence to the Western pattern (10%), an increase in the energy from processed (14.5%) and ultra-processed (20.4%) foods, and an increase of 0.3 kg/m2 in BMI (1.2%). The Northeast showed the greatest reduction in adherence to the Traditional pattern (-16.2%), an increase in the energy from ultra-processed foods (19.6%), and the greatest increase in BMI, 0.84 kg/m2 (3.4%). There was a significant increase in adherence to the Western pattern in the Southeast (9.1%) and Central-West (15.9%), with the latter also showing a significant increase in BMI, 0.8 kg/m2 (3.2%). Finally, the South appears to be the most stable region in terms of eating habits and BMI with only increasing non-adherence to the Western pattern.Conclusion Observed dietary patterns and obesity changes suggest the nutrition transition is at different stages in Brazil. Although SEDC shifts explain some of these changes, unobservable characteristics (likely food prices and environment) are also significant. Therefore, effective regional public policies must consider each region’s particularities and nutritional risks.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Public Health, Policy and Systems, Univeristy of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Adelia Neta"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Public Health, Policy and Systems, Univeristy of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Martin O’Flaherty"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Eduardo De Carli"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Flávia Ferreira"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil"
      ],
      "name": "Patricia Moreira"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "French National Institute for Agricultural, Universit de Montpellier, Montpellier, France"
      ],
      "name": "Caroline Méjean"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Public Health, Policy and Systems, Univeristy of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Zoe Colombet"
    }
  ],
  "title": "OP64 A nation in transition: contrasting dietary changes and BMI across Brazil’s regions (2008–18)",
  "uid": "4666b81f-eafd-5258-b55a-24e6235afecc"
}