{
  "abstract": "Introduction Commotio cordis is a rare event that occurs following blunt, non-penetrating trauma to the chest, precipitating a ventricular arrhythmia. Commotio cordis requires immediate medical attention through cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation, often resulting in death. Commotio cordis is most common condition among young male athletes. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidents and patterns of commotio cordis among young athletes participating in organised sports in the USA from academic years 1982-1983 through 2022-2023.Methods This was a retrospective, descriptive epidemiology study using surveillance data from the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research. The study included all commotio cordis incidents captured in the database. We calculated descriptive statistics (counts and proportions) overall and stratified by outcome and athlete sport.Results Over the study period, 64 incidents of commotio cordis were captured. The majority occurred among males (n=60) and were caused by contact with an object/apparatus (n=39) or contact with another player (n=20). The most common sports were baseball (n=20), lacrosse (n=17) and football (n=13). Over half of these incidents resulted in death (n=34), although survival from commotio cordis increased over the study period. A higher proportion of fatal incidents occurred among football athletes and were caused by contact with another player.Conclusions Commotio cordis remains most common among young male athletes who participate in organised baseball, lacrosse and football. Although survival has improved over time, greater awareness and emergency preparedness for commotio cordis in an organised sport are needed to facilitate prompt recognition and intervention.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Erin Shore"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Garrett A Moseley"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Randi DeLong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "Matthew Gfeller Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Johna Register-Mihalik"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Center for Sports Cardiology, Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Jonathan A Drezner"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Grant James Dickey"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada",
        "Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Haojie Mao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "Cantu Concussion Center, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Robert C Cantu"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA",
        "Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Kristen L Kucera"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Incidents and patterns of commotio cordis among athletes in the USA from 1982 to 2023",
  "uid": "42570547-8bc8-5fa1-9ea0-d6a5a910c55c"
}