{
  "abstract": "Background Changes to the urban environment have successfully reduced child injuries and deaths, though their influence on caregiver perceptions of safety and child active transportation (AT) is less understood. This study evaluated whether traffic calming curbs or in-street signs influenced caregiver perceptions of child AT safety.Methods Online surveys were emailed to child caregivers before and after intervention installation, including 5-point Likert scale questions on caregivers’ perceptions of safety. Participants noted reasons for travel mode and whether/how their child walks/bikes to school. A proportions test compared unmatched responses (those without both presurvey and postsurvey responses), and the Stewart-Maxwell test compared matched responses. Multinomial logistic regression determined characteristics influencing levels of permission to walk/bike to school (restricted, supervised, unsupervised), by intervention.Results From 52 invited schools, 711 pre-installation and 541 post-installation responses were received (79 matched). Unmatched drivers reported lower proportions of safe ratings for adults at traffic calming curb sites. Unmatched active/public transportation users showed higher proportions of safe responses for traffic speed, traffic volume and road safety. Matched respondents showed increased safety ratings at in-street sign sites for traffic volume safety only. Unmatched respondents reported higher proportions of children walking to school at both locations following installation. Only distance to school at in-street sign locations was associated with walking and bicycling to school.Conclusion Installing built environment features around schools is associated with higher proportions of caregiver perceptions of safety, as well as greater child AT reported prevalence. We recommend prioritising AT user perspectives in traffic-safety planning.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Community Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada",
        "Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Tate HubkaRao"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Mobility Safety, City of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Tony Churchill"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Urbanisation Culture Société, Montréal, Quebec, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Marie Soleil Cloutier"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada",
        "Centre for Health and Social Analytics, National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia"
      ],
      "name": "Alberto Nettel-Aguirre"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Community Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada",
        "Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada",
        "Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada",
        "Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada",
        "O’Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"
      ],
      "name": "Brent E Hagel"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Caregiver perceptions of child active transportation safety: a nested pre-post survey",
  "uid": "5cdff097-4c94-5f27-be18-94136b0ffa4e"
}