{
  "abstract": "Introduction Pneumonia and cardiac arrest are most significant contributors of mortality in U.S among older adults. This study analyzes long-term trends and disparities in mortality from these conditions from 1999 to 2023, highlighting changes over time and differences across demographic and geographic groups.Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based study using the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database from 1999 to 2023. Pneumonia and Cardiac Arrest cases were identified by ICD-10 codes. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population and stratified them by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, U.S. Census region, and urbanization status. Joint point regression estimated annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Result Overall mortality from pneumonia and Cardiac Arrest among adults aged ≥65 years declined significantly from 1999-2023. The AAMR declined from (69) to (29.8) (APC: -3.6%; 95% CI: −4.83 to −2.98). Trend analysis identified, a modest increase during 2018–2021(APC: 31.4%; 95% CI: 19.1 to 39.1), followed by a sharp decline during 2021–2023 (APC: −32.56%; 95% CI: −42.8 to −21.20). Men had consistently higher AAMR than women from 1999(AAMR men: 90.3vs women:56.7) to 2023 (AAMR men: 38.1 vs women: 23.7). All age groups showed notable long-term declines, with the most pronounced decrease seen in adults aged ≥85 years (APC: −4.34%; 95% CI: −5.36 to −3.79). A breakdown by race and ethnicity indicated that Hispanic or Latino individuals had the most substantial decrease (APC: −4.7%; 95% CI: −6.53 to −3.30), with black and African American showed considerable progressive inconsistency (APC: −3.95%; 95% CI: −5.20 to −2.8), White non-Hispanic individuals showed more modest reduction (APC: −3.76%; 95% CI: −4.96 to −3.12), Mortality rates by region also varied considerably with greatest decline in Northwest (AAPC: −4.35%) and the lowest in the Midwest (AAPC: −2.39%). Mortality declined in both groups but it was more pronounced in metropolitan areas and non-metropolitan areas maintained higher mortality levels (AAPC: −1.65% vs. −1.03%) ( figures 1 and 2).Conclusion Mortality in Pneumonia and cardiac arrest among older adults ≥65 years declined dramatically since 1999. However, marked demographic and geographic disparities persist. Periodic increases in mortality highlight the ongoing vulnerability of older adults, underscoring the need for targeted prevention strategies, timely clinical management, and more equitable access to care for populations at greatest risk.Abstract 477 Figure 1Age-adjusted mortality rates from cardiac arrest and pneumonia in the United States, 1999-2023Abstract 477 Figure 2Age-adjusted mortality rates from cardiac arrest and pneumonia in the United States by States, 1999-2023",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Haider Imran"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Medical and Dental College, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Mahrukh Mahrukh"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Medical and Dental College, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Zainab Attiq"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Shehryar Rasheed Sohail"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Medical and Dental College, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Sahar Zafar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University Medical and Dental College, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Shiza Kashif"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Hajra Umar Jaspal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Suleman Saeed"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University College of Medicine and Dentistry (UCMD), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Hamid Bin Tariq"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of California, San Francisco, United States"
      ],
      "name": "Aleena Yasin"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Fauji Foundation Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Visha Zafar"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, United Kingdom"
      ],
      "name": "Soman Nadim Iqbal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan"
      ],
      "name": "Nadir Imran"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Tuba Shakoor"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan"
      ],
      "name": "Haseeb Sadaqat"
    }
  ],
  "title": "477 Trends and disparities in mortality from pneumonia and cardiac arrest among older adults (≥65 years) in the United States, 1999–2023",
  "uid": "dfe24534-9995-5ab3-a2d6-9ca73517af80"
}