{
  "abstract": "Background The impact of COVID-19 in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), particularly in the post-vaccine era, remains incompletely understood. We evaluated whether pre-existing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phenotypes are associated with COVID-19 outcomes and recovery.Methods In 1704 participants from the international HCM Registry with prior CMR phenotyping, COVID-19 infection and outcomes were assessed using patient-reported questionnaires. Associations between baseline CMR features and hospitalisation or impaired recovery (≥3 months) were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.Results Among 767 participants with reported COVID-19 infection (mean age 49±11 years), 4% required hospitalisation, 19% reported impaired recovery at ≥3 months and 2 (0.26%) non-cardiac deaths occurred. Persistent symptoms were common particularly fatigue (67%) and dyspnoea (33%). After adjustment, adverse CMR features, including hypertrophy, fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement) and extracellular volume, were not associated with hospitalisation or impaired recovery. Female sex and younger age were associated with persistent symptoms.Conclusions In this large HCM cohort, COVID-19 was associated with a substantial burden of persistent symptoms, but pre-existing CMR phenotype was not associated with adverse outcomes. These findings suggest that baseline structural disease severity may not identify patients at higher risk of post-COVID-19 complications, although results should be interpreted in the context of self-reported outcomes and limited event rates.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Archit Singhal"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Oxford Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Ellen Appleby"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Oxford Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Owen Agnel"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Paul Kolm"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Brian C Case"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Ryan L Wallace"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Sarahfaye F Dolman"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Nancy Geller"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Dong-Yun Kim"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Patrice Desvigne-Nickens"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cardiology, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA"
      ],
      "name": "William Weintraub"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Milind Y Desai"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Raymond Y Kwong"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"
      ],
      "name": "John DiMarco"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Carolyn Ho"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Oxford Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Hugh Watkins"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA",
        "Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"
      ],
      "name": "Christopher M Kramer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Oxford Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Stefan Neubauer"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "University of Oxford Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Betty Raman"
    }
  ],
  "title": "COVID-19 outcomes and persistent symptoms in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: association with pre-existing cardiovascular magnetic resonance phenotype",
  "uid": "96b86333-20c3-56db-862f-e4f0db17386a"
}