{
  "abstract": "Sleep breathing disorders (SBDs)—including obstructive sleep apnoea, central sleep apnoea and sleep-related hypoventilation syndromes—represent a major yet under-recognised contributor to global cardiovascular and neurological morbidity. Through recurrent hypoxia, sympathetic overactivation, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, these disorders promote hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke and cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence also implicates SBDs in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, highlighting their role as a pathophysiological bridge between cardiometabolic and neurological dysfunction. Despite this growing recognition, diagnosis and management remain suboptimal, constrained by limited screening, underuse of polysomnography and an excessive reliance on uniform therapeutic models. Recent advances underscore the need for a precision medicine framework that integrates clinical phenotyping, physiological endotyping and technological innovation. This review synthesises current evidence on the cardiovascular and neurological implications of SBDs and explores evolving strategies for personalised, endotype-driven management.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Michelangelo Maestri Tassoni"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Simona Chiusolo"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Domeniko Hoxhaj"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Monica Fabbrini"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Luna Gargani"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy",
        "Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Ugo Faraguna"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Enrica Bonanni"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"
      ],
      "name": "Raffaele De Caterina"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sleep breathing disorders and cardioneurological complications: from pathophysiology to endotype-driven precision management",
  "uid": "fa75a7a6-8852-57c3-86e5-21fb6b25dac6"
}