{
  "abstract": "Cardiology training today exists in a paradox. As the specialty becomes more complex, particularly in procedural domains, the time and resources available to train new cardiologists have dwindled. Simulation has become an increasingly important component of modern cardiology training, offering a safe, structured and reproducible environment in which clinical skills can be developed and refined. 1 The term simulation encompasses a broad spectrum of educational approaches, ranging from focused task training to high-fidelity scenario-based learning. Task training is used to develop specific technical skills by breaking down complex procedures into their component parts—for example, practising lead manipulation and placement in permanent pacing using a haptic simulator, or employing biological models such as porcine tissue to gain proficiency in venous isolation and generator implantation. At the other end of the spectrum, high-fidelity simulation recreates real-world clinical environments, enabling trainees to manage cardiac arrest scenarios, respond to complications in a mock catheterisation laboratory and address challenges in team-based practice. Importantly, such high-fidelity approaches extend beyond technical competence, emphasising human factors, patient safety and team dynamics. Together, these modalities highlight the evolving role of simulation as a complementary tool that enhances traditional cath lab-based education and prepares trainees for the increasing complexity of contemporary cardiology practice.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Barts Simulation and Education Department, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK",
        "Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Stephen Hamshere"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Barts Simulation and Education Department, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK",
        "Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Rohini Ramaseshan"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Barts Simulation and Education Department, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK",
        "Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Alireza Yazdi"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Barts Simulation and Education Department, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK",
        "Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Anna Herrey"
    },
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Barts Simulation and Education Department, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK",
        "Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"
      ],
      "name": "Khalid Barakat"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Simulation deficit in cardiology training: a missed opportunity for the modern trainee",
  "uid": "04323062-276f-5d29-bbc0-34d1748f75d6"
}