{
  "abstract": "Despite the widespread implementation of heart failure (HF) management in routine clinical practice, clinicians still face major challenges in achieving precise and cost-effective diagnoses of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).1 2 The conventional HFA-PEFF (Heart Failure Association Pre-test assessment, Echocardiography and natriuretic peptide, Functional testing, Final etiology) diagnostic algorithm from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology proposes a stepwise approach to assessment of signs and symptoms, typical demographic characteristics (elderly, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation), ECG, echocardiographic parameters and diagnostic laboratory tests (including natriuretic peptide).2 However, elevated levels of natriuretic peptides may currently support the diagnosis of HFpEF, whereas normal or near-normal levels of these biomarkers do not rule it out. Additionally, several alternative biomarkers, such as troponins, galectin-3 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2), mainly serve as prognostic and risk stratification indicators and are not incorporated into HFpEF diagnostic scoring to improve the diagnostic ability of natriuretic peptide.3 This can make the diagnosis of HFpEF difficult and require a thorough evaluation of the findings. One possible cost-effective way to improve the discriminative value of natriuretic peptides in detecting HFpEF is to use alternative biomarkers of volume overload and cardiac stretching, such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125), which is widely available in most clinical laboratories.",
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        "Internal Medicine Department, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Berezin"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Carbohydrate antigen 125: promising diagnostic biomarker in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction",
  "uid": "0b9f7fed-28b9-516e-b9a9-3214b3f9e2e7"
}